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Winchester is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40,000 within a 3 mile radius of its centre. It is the seat of the City of Winchester local government district, which covers a much larger area, and is also the administrative capital and county town of Hampshire. Winchester was formerly the capital of England, during the 10th and early 11th centuries.
Important buildingsWinchester is best known for the Great Hall, which was built in the 12th century and is the only surviving portion of Winchester Castle. The Great Hall was rebuilt, sometime between 1222-1235, and still exists in this form. It is most well known for "King Arthur's" Round Table, which has hung in the hall from at least 1463. The table actually dates from the 14th Century, and as such is not contemporary to Arthur. Despite this it is still of considerable historical interest and attracts many tourists. The table was originally unpainted, but was painted for King Henry VIII in 1522. The names of the legendary Knights of the Round Table are written around the edge of the table surmounted by King Arthur on his throne. In the grounds of the Great Hall are a recreation of a medieval garden along with the Wedding Gates and Law Courts. Winchester CathedralOther important historic buildings include Winchester Cathedral, Royal Hampshire County Hospital and Winchester College, a public school founded in 1382 and home to the largest state sixth form college in the country, Peter Symonds College. The University of Winchester (formerly University College Winchester and before that King Alfred's College) is situated within the city, as is the Winchester School of Art, part of the University of Southampton. Historically, Winchester possessed several water mills driven by the various channels of the River Itchen that penetrate the city centre. One of these, Winchester City Mill, has recently been restored, and is again milling corn by water power. The mill is owned by the National Trust. HistoryWinchester High Street in the mid 19th century.Settlement in the area dates back to pre-Roman times, and there is evidence of Iron Age hill forts around the city. Under the Romans the town, then named Venta Belgarum, was of considerable importance. The town has historic importance as the capital of the ancient kingdom of Wessex from 519. Although it was not the only town to have been the capital, it was established by King Alfred the Great as the main city in his kingdom in 827. The Saxon street plan laid out by Alfred is still evident today: a cross shaped street system which conformed to the standard town planning system of the day - overlaying the pre-existing Roman street plan (incorporating the ecclesiastical quarter in the south-east; the judicial quarter in the south-west; the tradesmen in the north-east). The town was part of a series of fortifications along the south coast. Built by Alfred to protect the Kingdom, they were known as 'burhs'. The boundary of the old town is visible in places (a wooden barricade surrounded by ditches in Saxon times) now a stone wall. Four main gates were positioned in the north, south, east and west plus the additional Durngate and King's Gate. Winchester remained the capital of Wessex, and then England, until some time after the Norman Conquest when the capital was moved to London. A serious fire in the city in 1141 accelerated its decline. William of Wykeham (1320-1404) played an important role in the history of the town; as Bishop of Winchester he was responsible for much of the current structure of the cathedral and also founded Winchester College as well as Magdalen College, Oxford. During the middle ages, the city was an important centre of the wool trade, before going into a slow decline. St. Swithun was Bishop of Winchester in the mid ninth century. The famous novelist Jane Austen died in Winchester on 18 July 1817 and is buried in the cathedral. Page 3 glamour model Lucy Pinder was born in Winchester on December 20, 1983. SportWinchester's association football (soccer) club, called Winchester City F.C., was founded in 1884 and has the motto "Many in Men, One in Spirit", and currently play in the Sydenhams Wessex League Division 1. Winchester also have a rugby team named Winchester RFC. Other informationThe City Museum located on the corner of Minster St. and The Square contains more information on the history of Winchester. The ancient Pilgrims' Way begins at Winchester, and runs to Canterbury. The city of Winchester is twinned with Laon in France and the Winchester district is twinned with Gießen in Germany. The city of Winchester gave its name to a suburb of Paris, France, called Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (23,724 inhabitants), due to a manor built there by John of Pontoise, Bishop of Winchester, in the end of the 13th century. Winchester is the main location of Samuel Youd's post-apocalyptic science fiction series, Sword of the Spirits. The books were published under the pen name John Christopher. See also
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