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For other uses, see Wasp (disambiguation).
? Wasps

Aleiodes indiscretus
parasitizing gypsy moth caterpillar.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder
Symphyta
Apocrita
See text for families.

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is not a bee, sawfly, or an ant. Less familiar, the suborder Symphyta includes the sawflies and wood wasps, which differ from the Apocrita by having a broad connection between the thorax and abdomen. Also, Symphyta larvae are mostly herbivorous and "caterpillarlike", whereas those of Apocrita are largely predatory or parasitic.

Most familiar wasps belong to the Aculeata, a division of the Apocrita, whose ovipositors are modified into a venomous stinger. Aculeata also contains ants and bees. In this sense, the species called "velvet ants" (Mutillidae) are actually wasps.

A narrower meaning of the term wasp is any member of the Aculeate family Vespidae. This includes the yellowjackets (Vespula, Dolichovespula spp.) and hornets (Vespa spp.).

Contents

  • 1 Characteristics
  • 2 Families
  • 3 See also
  • 4 External links

Characteristics

Wasp stinger, with droplet of venom Polistes wasp building nest in California

The following characteristics are present in most wasps:

  • Two pairs of wings (exception: female Mutillidae)
  • A stinger (only present in females because it derives from the ovipositor)
  • Few or no hairs (in contrast to bees); exception: Mutillidae. Though less efficient than bees, some wasp species are significant pollinators.
  • Predators or parasitoids, mostly on other insects; some species of Pompilidae, such as the tarantula hawk, specialize in using spiders as a host

Wasps are critically important in natural biocontrol. Almost every pest insect species has a wasp species that is predator or parasite upon it. Wasps are also increasingly used in agricultural pest control.

Families

  • Chrysididae - cuckoo wasps
  • Braconidae
  • Crabronidae
  • Mutillidae - velvet ants
  • Orussidae, and Syntexidae
  • Pompilidae - spider wasps
  • Rhopalosomatidae - rhopalosomatid wasps
  • Sapygidae - club-horned wasps
  • Scoliidae - scoliid wasps
  • Sierolomorphidae - sierolomorphid wasps
  • Sphecidae - digger wasps, e.g. the Cicada killer wasp
  • Tiphiidae - flower wasps
  • Vespidae - yellowjackets, hornets, paper wasps.
  • Xiphydriidae

See also

  • Wood wasps
  • How to tell bees from wasps
  • Volucella pellucens
  • Mud daubers are a common species of wasp.

External links

  • A pictorial life cycle of organ pipe wasps
  • Links to many parasitic wasps and other insects used for biological control
  • Phylogeny of the order Hymenoptera contrasting the groups discussed in this article
  • Medline Encyclopedia N.I.H. - Insect bites and stings
  • New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated - Insect bites and stings and how to prevent them

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "wasp".