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Toyota Motor Corporation (トヨタ自動車株式会社, Toyota Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha^?) (TYO: 7203.T , NYSE: TM, LSE: TYT), or TMC, is a Japanese multinational corporation that manufactures automobiles. The headquarters of Toyota is located in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Toyota also provides Financial Servicesand participates in other lines of business. It manufactures vehicles under the brand names Toyota, Scion and Lexus. Toyota also owns majority stakes in Daihatsu and Hino, and 8.7% of Fuji Heavy Industries, which manufactures Subaru vehicles.

Toyota produces an estimated eight million vehicles per year, about a million fewer than the number produced by GM. The company dominates its home market with about 40% of all new cars registered in 2004 being Toyotas. Toyota also has a large market share in both the United States and Europe. It has significant market shares in several fast-growing South East Asian countries^[1].

Origins

The story of Toyota Motor Corporation began in September 1933 when Toyoda Automatic Loom created a new division devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Soon thereafter, the division produced its first Type A Engine in 1934, which was used in the first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935. Production of the Model AA passenger car started in 1936.

Although the Toyota Group is best known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms (fully computerized, of course), and electric sewing machines which are available worldwide.

Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company in 1937. Although the founding family name is Toyoda (豊田), the company name was changed to:

• Signify the separation of the founders' work life from home life;
• Simplify the pronunciation, and
• Give the company an auspicious beginning. Toyota (トヨタ) is considered luckier than Toyoda (豊田) in Japan, where eight is regarded as a lucky number, and eight is the number of strokes it takes to write Toyota in Katakana. In Chinese, the company and its vehicles are still referred to by the equivalent characters (Traditional Chinese: 豐田; Simplified Chinese: 丰田), with Chinese reading.

During the Pacific War the company was dedicated to truck production for the Imperial Army. Because of severe shortages in Japan, military trucks were kept as simple as possible. For example, the trucks had only one headlight on the center of the hood.

Fortunately for Toyota, the war ended shortly before a scheduled allied bombing run on the Toyota factories in Aichi.

Commercial passenger car production started in 1947 with the model SA. In 1950 a separate sales company Toyota Motor Sales Co. was established (which lasted until July 1982). In April 1956 the Toyopet dealer chain was established.

Worldwide presence

Toyota has factories all over the world, manufacturing or assembling vehicles for local markets, including its most popular model, the Corolla. Toyota has manufacturing or assembly plants in the United States, Japan, Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, France, Brazil, and more recently Pakistan, India, Argentina, Czech Republic, Mexico and Venezuela.

Toyota invests a great amount of research into cleaner-burning vehicles such as the Toyota Prius, based on technology such as the Hybrid Synergy Drive. In 2002, Toyota successfully road-tested a new version of the RAV4 which ran on a Hydrogen fuel cell. Scientific American called the company its Business Leader of the Year in 2003 for commercializing an affordable hybrid car.

In 2003, Toyota brought two of their popular cars from Japan (including the bB) to America, and created a new badge, called Scion, meaning a descendant or heir. These cars are targeted towards the young, and young-at-heart. Both models, the xA (known in Japan as the Toyota ist) and xB (known in Japan as the Toyota bB) are powered by a 1.5L DOHC I4 engine. A third model, the Scion tC, was introduced in 2004. Instead of importing an existing model from Japan as was done with the xA and xB, the tC was designed specifically for the North American market, using the four-cylinder engine and transmissions from the Toyota Camry.

Toyota is also famous in industry for its manufacturing philosophy, called the Toyota Production System. This system is copied worldwide by many manufacturing companies.

Auto racing

World Rally Championship

Toyota has also been successful in racing, especially in Rally with the Toyota Celica as well as the Toyota Corolla.

Championship Auto Racing Teams

Toyota raced in CART (a.k.a. the Champ Car World Series) from 1996 to 2002. Its early years in the series were marked by struggles. Toyota-powered cars, campaigned by the All-American Racers and PPI Motorsports teams, languished at the back of the grid, slow and unreliable. Toyota didn't even lead a lap until Alex Barron led 12 laps at the Vancouver street circuit in September 1998. Toyota started seeing its fortunes improve in 1999 as Scott Pruett took pole position at the final race of the season at the California Speedway. The next year, Juan Pablo Montoya gave Toyota its first-ever CART win at the Milwaukee Mile, the first of 5 races won by Toyota-powered cars that year. Toyota-powered cars won six races in 2001. In 2002, Toyota's final year in the championship, it turned things around completely from its bleak debut. Toyota won the Manufacturer's championship, 10 races, and Cristiano Da Matta rode Toyota power to the driver's championship. As icing on the cake, Bruno Junqueira, also Toyota-powered finished second.

Prototype Sports Car racing and the 24 Hours of Le Mans

In 1998, Toyota debuted the sleek new GT-One prototype racing cars to compete for the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The three Toyota GT-One cars (codenamed TS020) were among the fastest cars on the track, but ultimately failed in their quest for overall victory at Le Mans due to various mechanical and electrical failures. Toyota returned to the Circuit de la Sarthe in 1999 with revised models of it's GT-One prototype. The cars proved to be even faster than the year before, but succumbed to reliability problems during the grueling race. After the 1999 race, Toyota withdrew the GT-One cars in favor of focusing its racing research and development on the future Formula One effort.

Entry into Formula One

In 2002 Toyota started racing in Formula One with Toyota Team Europe, based in Cologne. Despite a huge investment, the team's performances have been mediocre so far. In 2004, top designer Mike Gascoyne was hired; by 2005 the team had advanced from the midfield to challenging for the top positions. Jarno Trulli achieved two second places and one third place in the first five races of the season, helping the team to retain second position in the Constructors Championship for several races. Jarno Trulli and Ralf Schumacher are the team's current drivers.

NASCAR

Toyota also races the Toyota Tundra in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and they will enter NASCAR's Busch Series and Nextel Cup in 2007 with the Toyota Camry.

Rugby team

• Toyota Verblitz is in Japan's Top League.

Shareholders

Publicly traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under number 7203 (first section). Also on NYSE under TM.

Holdings

Toyota reports on its consolidated financial statements 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates.

• Toyota Motor North America, Inc. (100% - 2004)
• Hino Motors, Ltd. (50.1% - March 31, 2005)
• Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. (51.2% - March 31, 2005)
• DENSO Corporation (22.98% - March 31, 2005)
• Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. (23.0% - March 31, 2005)
• Toyota Canada Inc. owned via Toyota Motor North America, Inc.

Non-automotive activities

Finance

Toyota Financial Services Corporation provides financing to Toyota customers.

Agricultural biotechnology

Toyota invests in several small start-up businesses and partnerships in biotechnology, including:

• P.T. Toyota Bio Indonesia in Lampung, Indonesia
• Australian Afforestation Pty. Ltd. in Western Australia and Southern Australia
• Toyota Floritech Co., Ltd. in Rokkasho-Mura, Kamikita District, Aomori Prefecture
• Sichuan Toyota Nitan Development Co., Ltd. in Sichuan, China
• Toyota Roof Garden Corporation in Miyoshi-Cho, Aichi Prefecture

Namesakes

Toyota is also a city in Aichi, Japan, named after the corporation. The basketball and hockey arena in Houston, Texas, the Toyota Center, is also named after the company. A football (soccer) stadium in Prague, Czech Republic, the Toyota Arena, also bears the company's name. Toyota also sponsors the Nagoya Grampus Eight. The team also plays its home games at Toyota Stadium. A practice facility in El Segundo, California is named for Toyota (Toyota Sports Center).

• In the hit MMORPG EverQuest, players can type /atoyot to experience "quite the feeling", with an associated player graphic.
• The synthpop band, Human League have a song titled, Toyota City on their album Travelogue.

See also

• The Toyota Group
• List of Toyota vehicles
• List of Toyota engines
• List of Toyota transmissions
• EPA 2004 fuel economy report (Toyota)

External links

• Toyota Motor Corp. websites
  • Toyota Motor official site
  • Toyota Argentina ((Spanish))
  • Toyota Australia
  • Toyota USA
  • Toyota UK (Sales Site)
  • Toyota Canada
  • Toyota India
  • Toyota Ireland
  • Toyota Malaysia
  • Toyota New Zealand
  • Toyota Pakistan
  • Toyota Peru ((Spanish))
  • Toyota Philippines
  • Toyota Singapore
  • Toyota South Africa
  • Toyota Thailand ((Thai))
  • Toyota UK (Information Site)
  • Toyota Venezuela ((Spanish))
  • Scion USA (requires flash)
  • Lexus USA
  • Toyota Financial Services USA
  • Current Japanese Toyota lineup
  • Current American Toyota lineup (requires Flash)
  • Toyota North America 2003 Environmental Report (pdf format)
  • Toyota North America 2004 Environmental Report (pdf format)
• Information on Toyota's environmental protection policies
• http://www.antonov-transmission.com/ (Antonov Hybrid Technology Sues Toyota Over Patents)

Data

• Yahoo! - Toyota Motor Corporation Company Profile
• Toyota buying GM's Subaru stake

Legal matters

• Competition Bureau of Canada settles Price Maintenance and Misleading Advertising case regarding the Access Toyota Program

References

• 2005 Toyota Highlander Hybrid. Retrieved January 11, 2004 from CanadianDriver Communications, Inc. (2004)
• ^ Toyota's plan for Lexus is a reminder of its real goal (August 1 2005). Financial Times, p. 16.
• ^ Strike shuts Toyota Indian plant. Retrieved January 9, 2006 from BBC (2006)
• Toyota up close Sales figures of Toyota.

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