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For other uses, see Ping (disambiguation).
ping in a Windows 2000 command window

Ping is the name of a computer network tool used on TCP/IP networks (such as the Internet). It provides a basic test of whether a particular host is operating properly and is reachable on the network from the testing host. Ping provides estimates of the round-trip time and packet loss rate between hosts. It works by sending ICMP “echo request” packets to the target host and listening for replies (ICMP “echo response” packets).

Contents

  • 1 History
  • 2 Sample pinging
  • 3 Pinging yahoo.com
  • 4 See also
  • 5 External links

History

Mike Muuss wrote the program in December, 1983, as a tool to troubleshoot odd behavior on an IP network. He named it after the pulses of sound made by a sonar, since its operation is analogous to active sonar in submarines, in which an operator issues a pulse of energy (a network packet) at the target, which then bounces from the target and is received by the operator. (Later David L. Mills provided a backronym, "Packet Internet Grouper (Groper)", also by other people "Packed Internet Gopher", after the small rodents )

The usefulness of ping in assisting the "diagnosis" of Internet connectivity issues was impaired from late in 2003, when a number of Internet Service Providers filtered out ICMP Type 8 (echo request) messages at their network boundaries. Internet worms such as Welchia flooded the Internet with ping requests as they sought to locate new hosts to infect, causing problems to routers across the Internet.

Sample pinging

The following is a sample output of pinging www.google.com under linux with the iputils version of ping:

$ ping www.google.com
PING www.l.google.com (72.14.203.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=1 ttl=242 time=29.4 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=2 ttl=242 time=28.1 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=3 ttl=242 time=32.3 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=4 ttl=242 time=26.6 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=5 ttl=242 time=26.9 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=6 ttl=242 time=27.0 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=7 ttl=242 time=29.3 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=8 ttl=242 time=27.5 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=9 ttl=242 time=27.7 ms
64 bytes from 72.14.203.99: icmp_seq=10 ttl=242 time=28.8 ms

--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9011ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 26.647/28.409/32.377/1.631 ms

This output shows that www.google.com is a DNS CNAME record for www.l.google.com which then resolves to 72.14.203.99. The output then shows the results of making 10 pings to 72.14.203.99 with the results summarized at the end.

  • smallest ping time was 26.647 milliseconds
  • average ping time was 28.409 milliseconds
  • maximum ping time was 32.377 milliseconds


Pinging yahoo.com

In the early 1990s, many people began to ping yahoo.com when their internet connection seemed slow or dead. Many Internet Service Provider support technicians and simply tech-savvy individuals recommended pinging yahoo.com, creating this idea. It caught on, because in early 1990s, Yahoo was the primary hub of useful information and the domain name was already well known, and had a high uptime due to its then-unique use of Akamai load balancing. Today, other methods of checking connection speed and quality exist, such as traceroute or pinging other large sites such as google.com or bbc.co.uk, but due to the meme Yahoo has remained popular.

See also

  • Traceroute
  • Pathping
  • tnsping, an Oracle utility
  • Type of Service TOS spec

External links

  • The Story of the PING Program by its author, Mike Muuss
  • Ping Utility
  • Free Web-based Ping Utility
  • Ping a server or web site using 13+ checkpoints worldwide
  • An overview of ping from Linux Journal Magazine
  • Ping Wiki - Links to hundreds of web based ping pages, sorted by Autonomous System Number.
  • ICMP (Ping) Sequence Diagram - Sequence diagram describes ping, trace route and other ICMP operations.

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "ping".