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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Dimensional lumber. (Discuss) It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Timber. (Discuss)


Lumber is the name used, generally in North America, for wood that has been cut into boards or other shapes for the purpose of woodworking or construction. The word timber is often used with same meaning in Britain. For a different use of the word lumber in Britain, see lumber room.

A modern sawmill utilizes every piece of wood from a log
Portable sawmill with boards and flitches, Hemingway, South Carolina
Mountain ash logs at a sawmill in Australia
Wood cut from Victorian Mountain Ash

Lumber is supplied either rough or finished. Rough lumber is the raw material for furniture making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry, and is primarily one of a few coniferous needle-bearing species such as pine, hemlock, fir or spruce.

Contents

  • 1 Classifications
  • 2 History and geography
  • 3 Preservatives
  • 4 See also

Classifications

Rough lumber comes from the sawmill without further cutting or shaping. It is usually sold in random lengths and widths and measured in the USA in board feet, a unit of 1 foot × 1 inch × 1 foot. It is available air-dried or kiln-dried. Air-dried lumber is carefully stacked and allowed to dry for several months, depending on thickness. It is used for some outdoor purposes, such as building sheds and fences. Kiln-dried wood is stacked and dried in moisture- and temperature-controlled kilns built for the purpose. It is then ready to be used for furniture-making or other woodworking uses.

Finished lumber is usually kiln-dried then planed and cut to predetermined sizes, primarily for use by the construction industry. When using Imperial or U.S. customary measurements, the widths given are from before planing, whereas the piece actually sold is smaller; a 2×4 for example is actually only 1½ by 3½ inches after planing. Other stock is sized similarly. The lengths are actual sizes and are multiples of 2 feet. Sizes from 8 to 16 feet (8, 10, 12, 14, 16) are commonly available, and larger sizes (18, 20, 22, 24) are sometimes available. When using metric measurements, lumber is measured in actual sizes.

In the United States, timber is cut in the forest in 24 foot lengths. At the mill it is recut into 3–8 foot lengths, an 8 foot and a 16 foot length, a 10 foot and a 14 foot length or two 12 foot lengths.

Lumber is also used to refer to plywood and other composite wood products.

History and geography

Lumber was one of the first industries in the United States. Maine was an early leading producer, however, later expansion led to Oregon, Washington, and California assuming the lead in domestic lumber production. Logging, the felling and preparation of trees for lumber was a related frontier industry; various tales of lumberjacks were a substantial portion of a certain chapter in North American folklore.

Preservatives

Timber or lumber may be treated with a preservative that protects it from being destroyed by insects, fungus or exposure to moisture. Generally this is applied through combined vacuum and pressure treatment. The preservatives used to pressure-treat lumber are classified as pesticides. Treating lumber provides long-term resistance to organisms that cause deterioration. If it is applied correctly, it extends the productive life of lumber by five to ten times. If left untreated, wood that is exposed to moisture or soil for sustained periods of time will become weakened by various types of fungi, bacteria or insects.

For an indepth look see timber treatment.

See also

  • forestry
  • plank
  • timber
  • dimensional lumber
  • Sodium silicate's use as a timber treatment
  • Timber treatment
  • Wood

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "lumber".