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Latin alphabet

Aa Bb Cc Dd

Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj

Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp

Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv

Ww Xx Yy Zz

L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el.

1 History
2 Usage
3 Codes for computing
4 Things named "L"
5 Abbreviation or symbol "L"
6 Alternate meanings for the symbol "L"
7 See also

History

The letter L is derived ultimately from the Semitic (crook/goad) which stood for the phonetic value /l/. This originally may have been based on an Egyptian hieroglyph that was adapted by Semites for alphabetic purposes. The Greek letter Lambda Λ (upper case) or λ (lower case), as well as the equivalent Etruscan and Latin letters, have the same sound as the Semitic letter. In reference, it is spelled el or ell.

Egyptian hieroglyph `wt

Proto-Semitic L

Phoenician L

Etruscan L

Greek L

Usage

In English, L can have several values, depending on whether it occurs before or after a vowel. The alveolar lateral approximant (IPA [l]) occurs before a vowel, as in lip or please, while the velarized alveolar lateral approximant (IPA [ɫ]) occurs in bell and milk (see Dark L). This velarization does not occur in many European languages that use L, and is also a factor making L difficult to pronounce for users of languages such as Japanese or Chinese that either lack or have different values for L. In English, L is silent in words such as walk or calm.

L can occur before almost any plosive, fricative, or affricate in English. Common digraphs include LL, which has a value identical to L in English but has the separate value voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (IPA /ɬ/) in Welsh, where it can appear in an initial position.

A palatalised L (IPA /ʎ/) occurs in many languages, and is represented by GL in Italian, LL in certain varieties of Spanish, LH in Portuguese and Ļ in Latvian.

Codes for computing

Alternative representations for L

NATO phonetic

Morse code

Lima
·–··

●	○
●	○
●	○

Signal flag

Semaphore

ASL Manual

Braille

In Unicode the capital L is codepoint U+004C and the lowercase l is U+006C. In some fonts, a lowercase l may be difficult to distinguish from a 1(one), a more stylized version based on the handwritten ℓ is sometimes used - this is often used as a suffix on a number to represent litres. Sometimes, capital I is also hard to distinguish from a lowercase l as well, as many fonts use a vertical bar for both of these characters. Its codepoint is U +2113 and its numeric character reference is "ℓ".

The ASCII code for capital L is 76 and for lowercase l is 108; or in binary 01001100 and 01101100, correspondingly.

The EBCDIC code for capital L is 211 and for lowercase l is 147.

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "L" and "l" for upper and lower case respectively.

Things named "L"

In computational complexity theory, L (complexity) is the class of all decision problems calculable in logarithmic space.
A mathematical adventure game was made for the BBC Micro called "L"
In set theory, L denotes Gödel's constructible universe.
The city of Chicago, Illinois has an elevated train called the L.
L is a novel by the Norwegian author Erlend Loe.
In the movie Men In Black, agent "L" (as in "Elle", French for "She") is the lead female character.
In the manga Death Note, L is the alias of a brilliant, eccentric detective investigating the 'Kira' murders.
L is a record alubum, audio cassette and 8-track by Lol Creme and Kevin Godley.

Abbreviation or symbol "L"

In anatomy, L means lumbar, as in L-spine, or written with a number (from L1 to L5) refers to a numbered lumbar vertebra or lumbar spinal nerve.
In astronomy,
- L stands for a June 1 through 15 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (e.g. C/1845 L1, the Great June Comet of 1845) or asteroid (e.g. (3988) 1986 LA).
In Optical isomerism, L means levorotatory
- Molecules with L stereochemistry conformation are oriented in decreasing importance going anti-clockwise around a chiral carbon
- The human body only uses L amino acids. Bacteria and other prokaryotes use D amino acids and are targeted by antibiotics.
In biochemistry, L is the symbol for leucine.
In botany, L. is the standard abbreviation for Carolus Linnaeus when cited as the author of plants he described, as in e.g. Stone Pine Pinus pinea L.
In electrical engineering, L is often the variable for inductance.
In physics, L is used to represent angular momentum.
In etymology and languages, L. is the abbreviation for Latin.
In finance, L is the New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol for Liberty Media Corporation A
In industry, L often denotes "large size".
In international licence plate codes, L stands for Luxembourg.
In navigation, L denotes the relative direction "left"; see left and right.
As the first letter of a postal code,
- In Canada, L stands for Central Ontario.
- In the United Kingdom, L stands for Liverpool.
In Roman naming convention, L is the abbreviation for the praenomen Lucius.
In the SI system, l, ℓ or L is the symbol for the litre, a unit of volume or capacity.
In video games, L is the symbol for Luigi, a Nintendo character.
When affixed to the back of a car, L often means learner.
L is an IRC-service (bot on the popular IRC-network QuakeNet.
In cannabis culture, an L is a cannabis filled cigar
In the 1980's, placing ones right hand on the forehead in the shape of an L means calling them a loser.
An L in Marijuana smoking groups, is a certain way of rolling a joint using two skins, in the shape of an L.

Alternate meanings for the symbol "L"

In Roman numerals, L denotes the number 50 (there are also separate Unicode characters for this number, 0x216C "Ⅼ" and 0x217C "ⅼ").
The lowercase l is sometimes used in place of the number 1 in typewritten text. Some typewriters did not even have a key for the numeral, so a number of people have retained the habit even in the computer age.