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A computer fan can be any general fan inside a computer case, though it is often referring to those installed on the computer's case itself.

Usage

A computer fan is used to either pull in cooler air from the outside, or to expel warm air from in the case. Generally, the fans which bring in cool air are in the side, top, or front of the case, and the exhaust fans are in the back of the case, where they can be effectively used to remove warm air from the CPU area. A fan installed in the front bracket can also create efficient cooling for the internal hard disk racks, especially when high-RPM or multiple hard disks are used. Power supplies often are also designed to pull warm air away from the CPU, thereby creating a healthier environment and lifetime for the computer, and resisting any throttling caused by dangerous temperatures. It is not uncommon to find cases with five, or even nine different places for fans of all different sizes to be placed.

Different Measurements

The diameter of these fans are measured in millimeters, with common sizes such as 60mm, 80mm, etc. The amount of airflow which these fans generate are measured in cubic-feet per minute (CFM), and the speed of rotation is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Often, computer enthusiasts choose fans which have a higher CFM rating, but produce less noise (measured in decibels, or dB), and some fans come with an adjustable RPM rating to produce less noise if the computer does not need much airflow.

Computer Fans in Other Contexts

Though in most cases one is referring to the fans installed directly on the case when speaking of computer fans, there are also other fans which they may be talking about. A few of these fans include CPU fans, GPU fans, chipset fans, PSU fans, PCI slot fans, or perhaps a different special-purpose fan.

CPU fans are used on the heatsink of the central processing unit to force air through the fins of the heatsink, cooling the heatsink down and allowing for more thermal energy to be displaced onto it. Without the CPU fan, the heatsink would, sometimes quickly, heat up to such an extent that the CPU would be damaged. The Intel Prescott Pentium 4 core is famous for having heat issues, though they could quickly be resolved by buying a third-party heatsink and fan from companies such as Zalman.

GPU fans, while being similar to CPU fans, sometimes have to cool multiple parts, such as the GPU chip itself and the DDR3 memory which graphics cards are always fitted with.

Chipset fans can be found on the motherboard itself, where they are placed on the heatsinks of certain computer chips which need more cooling than just a standard heatsink.

PSU fans also often play double roles, not only keeping the PSU itself from overheating and failure, but removing warm air from inside the case as well. Older PSUs used to pull the air in from outside, and blow the warm air onto the computer parts, but nowadays almost, if not all, PSUs pull the air out of the case. It can also be noted that some can find PSUs with two fans, a large one on the bottom for removing case air and a smaller one on the back for expeling the warm air at a quicker rate.

PCI fans are essentially PCI cards which have been modified to pull power from a PCI bus, and pull air into the case and blow the air onto other extension cards. This is sometimes needed if an extension card is installed which produces a lot of heat.

Miscellaneous

With today's computer-modding businesses making huge revenues, it can be expected that companies would design a way to make computer fans more fun, also. It is possible to buy computer fans that have LED lights on them, making them glow as they spin.

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